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Better crops with EPINтмtechnologies
EPIN:
 is the first representative of a new generation of agricultural chemicals with one of brassinosteroids, 24-epibrassinolide, as an active ingredient;
acts in extremely low doses, which are comparable with the natural content of epibrassinolide in plants;
is ecologically safe, nontoxic in relation to human, mammals, useful insects and fish;
stimulation by EPIN of physiological processes in plants increases yield and quality of crops, diminishes disease injury, and enhances the resistance of plants to unfavorable conditions, such as drought, high salinity, chill, etc.
Crop yield and pesticides minimization
Data of long-term field trials in different climatic zones show that EPIN application increases average crop yield for major crops for about 7-36%. EPIN can be efficiently used in mixtures with other agrochemicals and fertilizers. Good results are achieved with combined application of EPIN and liquid fertilizers, fungicides and insecticides. Combined application with EPIN allows use of 25-30% lower doses of pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers without loss in crop productivity.
Grape berry ripeneng
Recent research data allow considering of brassinosteroids, including active ingredient of EPIN, among major bioregulators of grape ripening. EPIN accelerates grape ripening, increases crop yield, sugar content, resistance to diseases, to drought and freezing, stimulates growing and maturation of young shoots.
Quality and content of nutrients
EPIN allows production of higher quality wheat grains with higher gluten content. In gluten, glutenin content increases that supplies kneaded dough with elasticity, improving leavening and contributing chewing quality to baked products.
Wheat production
Combined application of EPIN and fungicides, both for seed treatment and for spraying the wheat, significant increase (16-40%) of crop yield takes place. It is higher than under separate treatment of plants with EPIN and fungicide. Structure and quality of crop are improved. Gluten content increases for 7%. Under single spraying in the end of tillering beginning of booting stage wheat stems become harder and less sensitive to drought, get lower lodgeability. In combined applications, fungicides can be applied in minimal doses. The second treatment of wheat with EPIN and fungicides in the beginning of flowering contributes to better pollination of plants. EPIN is absolutely safe for insects-pollinators.
Formulation
Optimal use amount of formulation - 20-100 ml per hectare.
Optimal use amount of working solution - 400-500 l per hectare.
Ready for application EPIN solution (working solution) should be prepared from EPIN formulation (0.25 g/l) by dilution with water in the day of plant or seed treatment.
Formulation should be kept in cool and dry place.
Active ingredient is unstable in alkaline conditions.
Quality is guaranteed for 3 years.
Application
Plants should be steady sprinkled by sprayer in clear windless day, seeds should be soaked in working solution during 24 hours. Usual types of sprayers can be used, but if they were used previously with others chemicals, they must be washed with fresh water. Usually, one treatment is enough but in the case of rainfall within 12 hours after spraying, treatment must be repeated.
Plants should be treated at least once in the following stages of their development: cereals - heading, beginning of flowering; potato - budding; legumes - beginning of flowering; maize heading, beginning of flowering; sugar-beet - 10-14 leaves; tomato budding, beginning of flowering.
| Barley, spring and winter wheat | 200 ml/t - Treatment of seeds; 50 ml/ha - Spraying at tillering | Germination rate increase. Crop yield increase, immune system stimulation, increase of resistance to leaf blight and root rot, decrease of heavy metal and radionuclide accumulation |
| Buckwheat | 12-15 ml/ha - Spraying at budding | Ripening acceleration, crop yield increase, improvement of consumer properties |
| Potato | 20 ml/t - Treatment of tubers before planting; 80 ml/ha - Spraying at budding | Crop yield and quality enhancement, immunity stimulation, resistance to phytophtora increase, decrease of nitrate, heavy metal and radionuclide accumulation.
1ml/l of nutrition medium - Addition to standard nutrition Murashige-Skoog medium when seeds material are grown by microcloning.
Shortening growth period, increase of internode number, stimulation of root development, increase of number of plants suitable for planting |
| Tomato | 0,5 ml/kg - Soaking seeds for 2 h; 100 ml/ha - Spraying at budding beginning flowering of the first cluster | Germination rate increase. Increase of resistance to unfavorable environment.
Increase fruit setting, prevention of fruitlet abscission, acceleration of fruit ripening and enhancement of their quality. Enhancement of resistance to diseases, fungi protective action. Decrease of nitrate, heavy metal and radionuclide accumulation |
| Cucumber | 0.25 ml/kg - Soaking seeds for 2 h; 100 ml/ha - Spraying twice - at the phase of 2 - 3 true leaves and at budding | Germination rate increase. Increase of resistance to unfavorable environment
Acceleration of fruit setting, prevention of fruitlet abscission, increase of early and whole crop, immune system stimulation, increase of resistance to peronosporosis, decrease of nitrate and heavy metal accumulation |
| Pepper | 0.1 ml/kg - Soaking seeds for 2 h; 50 ml/ha - Spraying twice at the beginning of budding and at flowering | Germination rate increase. Increase of resistance to unfavorable environment.
Acceleration of fruit setting, prevention of fruitlet abscission, increase of early and whole crop, immune system stimulation, decrease of heavy metal and radionuclide accumulation |
| Sugar beet | 12 ml/t - Treatment of seeds before sowing; 100 ml/ha - Spraying at 10 14 true leaves | Crop yield increase, sugar content increase, decrease of nitrate, heavy metal and radionuclide accumulation |
| Apple tree | 200 ml/ha - Spraying twice at the beginning of budding and after flowering with the 20-day interval | Acceleration of fruit setting, prevention of fruitlet abscission, cold and drought resistance increase, immune system stimulation, increase of resistance to scab, decrease of heavy metal and radionuclide accumulation |
| Flowers | Gladiolus: 0.5 ml/kg - Soaking bulbs for 6 h. Roses: 0.25 ml/500 pieces - Soaking green cuttings for 12-14 h. Tulips: 1 ml/kg - Soaking bulbs for 24 h; 60 ml/ha - Spraying at budding | Acceleration of germination and pedicle emergence, increase of yield and quality of bulbs and bulblets, increase of resistance to bacteriosis and fusariose, acceleration of rooting the cuttings and increase of their quality, formation of uniform pedicles, diminution of ill plant number |
| Mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus | 0.002 ml/1.2 kg - Mycelium treatment; 0.005 ml/m2 - Spraying at fruit body formation | Addition to watering at the phase of fruit body formation, 3 4 times. Crop yield increase, stimulation of fruit body formation |
| Cardiac motherwort, Leonurus cardiaca, Moldavian dragonhead, Dracocephalum moldavice | 50 ml/ha - Spraying twice - at 2 3 true leaves and in 6 days after the first treatment | Growth stimulation, crop yield increase |
Metabolism and toxicology
The investigations have demonstrated that the content of epibrassinolide in plants increases during the first 12-14 days after treatment, and then during the following 10 days the preparation comes out fully. The main metabolites are glycosides.
EPIN in mice and rats (per os and cutaneously) has the LD50 of more than 5000 mg/kg. In prolonged experiments with Tetrahymena pyriformis it showed no toxicity but pronounced adaptogenic effect. The Ames test, with or without metabolic activation, was negative. In icronuclear or chromosome aberration tests EPIN didn't show spontaneous mutations. Studies on fish toxicity showed no negative effects, but pronounced stimulative and toxicoprotective properties.
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PRODUCTS
